REMOTE  STORAGE 


PREVENTION  OF  OCCUPATIONAL  DISEASES 
WITH  SPECIAL  REFERENCE  TO 
LEAD  POISONING. 


Of  all  industrial  poisons  which  now  cause  unnumbered  cases  of  those 
peculiar  maladies  known  as  diseases  of  occupation,  the  most  important  is 
lead.  Its  use  in  approximately  150  industries  exposes  thousands  of  American 
workers  daily  to  the  risk  of  lead  poisoning. 

NATURE  OF  THE  EVIL. 

Industrial  lead  poisoning  (saturnine  poisoning,  plumbism  or  “leading”) 
is  usually  the  cumulative  result  of  the  daily  entry  of  minute  quantities  of 
lead  into  the  system.  These  may  be  breathed  in  the  form  of  fume  or  dust, 
swallowed  in  the  saliva,  or  eaten  in  food  contaminated  by  dusty  or  paint- 
smeared  hands.  Day  by  day  the  organs  of  the  body  strive  to  eliminate  the 
lead  through  the  channels  of  excretion;  but  when  the  system  has  been 
impregnated  then  comes  a convulsive  effort  to  get  rid  of  the  poison,  and 
agonizing  colic  or  acute  brain  symptoms  develop,  or  a general  physical 
breakdown  ensues.  The  usual  warning  of  chronic  lead  poisoning  is  a blue 
line  on  the  gums;  the  first  symptoms  are  loss  of  appetite,  indigestion,  head- 
ache, constipation,  extraordinary  pallor  (for  lead  reduces  the  red  blood 
corpuscles  from  30  to  50  per  cent),  loss  of  weight  and  muscular  force,  and 
gouty  or  rheumatic  pains.  With  the  slow  starvation  of  liver,  kidneys  and 
heart,  abnormal  blood  pressure  develops,  and  frequently  there  is  paralysis 
of  wrists  and  ankles,  or  of  the  whole  body.  When  the  brain  is  affected, 
epileptic  attacks,  violent  insanity  and  fatal  convulsions  may  occur.  Lead 
also  affects  the  reproductive  organs;  and  its  influence  is  peculiarly  disastrous 
to  adolescence  and  to  women. 

EXTENT  OF  THE  EVIL  IN  THE  UNITED  STATES. 

While  foreign  records  of  lead  poisoning  are  based  on  an  accurate  system 
of  compulsory  reports,  our  investigators  must  rely  on  hospital  and  dispen- 
sary records  (which  commonly  cover  not  more  than  one  case  out  of  every 
four);  on  physicians'  incomplete  memoranda;  and  on  the  personal  statement 
of  a shifting,  often  foreign-speaking  class  of  employees. 

But  in  the  Unted  States  Bureau  of  Labor  Bulletin,  No.  95,  Dr.  Hamilton 
reports  398  specific  cases  of  lead  poisoning  among  the  workers  (some  1,400) 
in  22  of  our  25  white  lead  plants,  with  16  fatal  cases  between  January  1,  1910, 
and  April  30,  1911.  In  the  same  Bulletin,  Dr.  Andrews  gives  a list  of  60 
fatal  cases  of  lead  poisoning  reported  by  physicians  for  the  state  of  New 
York  during  1909  and  1910.  A hasty  study  of  plumbism  in  New  York  City 
showed  376  cases  during  1909,  1910,  1911.  The  Illinois  Commission  on 
Occupational  Diseases  credits  578  cases  to  that  state  during  1908,  1909, 

1910.  The  United  States  Bureau  of  Labor,  in  Bulletin  104,  reports  for  1910- 

1911,  Dr.  Hamilton’s  discovery  of  60  cases  of  lead  poisoning  among  796 


men  employed  in  40  white  ware  potteries,,  and  43  cases  among  150  women 
in  the  same  works;  63  cases  among  304  men  employed  in  18  yellow  ware, 
art  and  utility  ware  and  tile  works,  and  35  cases  among  243  women  in  the 
same  works;  and  309  cases  among  the  1,012  men  employed  in  the  porcelain 
enameled  iron  sanitary  ware  factories.  Out  of  148  enamelers  and  mill- 
hands,  specifically  examined,  36  per  cent  were  found  to  be  suffering  from 
chronic  lead  poisoning. 


SATISFACTORY  RESULTS  OF  FOREIGN  SANITARY  CONTROL 
OF  THE  LEAD  TRADES. 

The  increasing  elimination  of  dust  and  fume  from  the  English  and 
Continental  lead  trades,  together  with  the  legal  enforcing  of  habits  of 
personal  cleanliness  among  the  lead  workers,  is  reducing  plumbism  in  a 
marked  degree 

An  Austrian  smelter  record  of  73  per  cent  of  all  employees  “leaded” 
(under  old  conditions)  measured  against  3/10  of  one  per  cent  of  all  em- 
ployees under  sanitary  control;  or  a white  lead  factory  record  of  31  per 
cent  of  all  employees  “leaded”  measured  against  o per  cent  of  all  employees 
under  sanitary  control;  or  a potteries’  report  of  28  per  cent  of  all  employees 
“leaded”  measured  against  8/10  of  one  per  cent  under  the  present  system, 
are  stated  as  typical  examples  of  what  can  be  achieved. 

While  individual  carelessness  must  always  remain  a factor  in  the 
prevalence  of  poisoning  while  lead  is  used,  it  is  now  believed  that  the 
employer  can  so  protect  his  workers  as  almost  to  neutralize  the  danger  of 
the  materials  handled.  This  is  being  demonstrated  in  Illinois  by  the  same 
methods  as  those  in  vogue  abroad;  and  the  satisfactory  results  which  have 
followed  the  enactment  of  laws  for  the  protection  of  those  exposed  to  lead 
dust  and  lead  fume  are  a conclusive  argument  in  favor  of  uniform  laws 
for  the  control  of  these  industries  in  the  United  States. 


RELATION  OF  LEGISLATION  TO  PLUMBISM. 
EUROPEAN.  AMERICAN. 


White  lead  factories  in  Dussel- 
dorf  employ  150  men;  examining 
physician  reports  2 cases  in  1910. 

English  white  and  red  lead  fac- 
tory employs  90  men;  no  case  of 
poisoning  in  five  successive  years. 

At  the  Hart  Accumulator  Works 
in  London  (storage  batteries)  80  to 
100  men  are  employed;  no  case 
for  over  a year. 

Government  factory  inspection 
in  Staffordshire  potteries  reports 
13  cases  among  786  male  dippers 
in  one  year. 

Poisoning  in  all  potteries,  Great 


Britain,  1910: 

Males  employed  (1907) 4,504 

Cases  (1910)  4C 

Females  employed  (1907)  ....  2,361 

Cases  (1910)  37 

Total  employees  (1907)  ...  .6,865 
Total  cases  (1910) 77 


Ratio  of  cases  to  employees,  1 
to  89. 


American  white  lead  factory 
employs  170  men;  60  cases  in  1911. 

American  white  and  red  lead  fac- 
tory employs  85  men ; doctors’  rec- 
ords for  six  months  show  35  men 
“leaded.” 

Storage  battery  plant  in  Chi- 
cago employs  15  men;  two  cases 
of  poisoning  in  nine  months. 

An  American  Local  Dippers’ 
Union  reports  that  13  men  out  of 
a local  of  85  dippers,  had  16  at- 
tacks of  lead  poisoning  in  one 
year. 

Poisoning  in  only  part  of  pot- 
teries in  United  States  for  1911: 


Males  employed  1,100 

Cases 87 

Females  employed  393 

Cases  57 

Total  employees  1.493 

Total  cases  144 


Ratio  of  cases  to  employees,  1 
to  10. 


(s>  l . 

oX't 

OBJECT  OF  THE  STANDARD  BILL. 

The  purpose  of  the  standard  bill  for  uniform  state  legislation  (see  last 
five  pages  of  this  leaflet)  is  to  lessen  the  prevalence  of  occupational  diseases, 
and  especially  to  protect  certain  workers  from  the  dangers  of  lead  poison- 
ing. While  all  uncontrolled  lead  trades  offer  risk  to  the  employees,  exposure 
to  dust  and  fume  from  the  important  lead  salts  mentioned  in  the  bill  is 
recognized  as  extra-hazardous.,  and  their  manufacture  and  handling  is  under 
strict  governmental  regulations  in  Great  Britain,  Germany,  the  Netherlands, 
Belgium,  Switzerland,  Denmark  and  France.  The  French  government  has 
even  prohibited  theT  production  or  trade  use  after  1914. 

While  general  legislation  is  required  in  the  United  States  to  cover 
approximately  150  trades  in  which  lead  poisoning  may  occur,  it  has  been 
deemed  best  to  ask  this  year  for  legislation  regarding  only  those  industries 
concerning  which  we  have  specific  American  data  The  remedies  proposed 
for  the  dangers  arising  from  the  manufacture  and  handling  of  lead  sab  5 are 
based  on  approved  European  measures,  and  those  already  in  force  in  Illinois, 
and  voluntarily  adopted  in  several  American  factories.  They  are  the  result 
of  months  of  careful  study  of  the  subject,  and  have  the  endorsement,  of 
practical  lead  men,  engineers,  and  scientific  and  medical  experts. 

NECESSITY  FOR  THE  PROVISIONS  OF  THIS  BILL. 

Since  it  has  been  proved  that  cleanliness  in  the  lead  trades  must  be 
absolute,  not  relative,  a type  of  factory  construction  is  called  for  which 
shall  provide  airy,  well  lighted  rooms;  the  separation  of  dusty  and  non- 
dusty  processes,  and  flooring  which  permits  the  sanitary  removal  of  all  dust. 
Since  lead  may  enter  the  System  by  means  of  contamination  by  dusty  cloth- 
ing or  soiled  hands,  clean  working  clothing  must  be  furnished  the  employee, 
and  proper  dressing  rooms  and  ample  lavatory  and  shower  bath  facilities 
for  use  at  the  noon  hour  and  on  leaving  the  work.  Since  food  exposed  in 
workrooms  offers  special  danger,  eating  rooms  must  be  provided,  and  their 
use  enforced.  Since  respirators  are  essential  to  protect  those  directly 
exposed  to  fume  or  dust,  they  should  be  furnished  and  worn.  Since  early 
detection  of  symptoms  of  lead  poisoning  may  prevent  a serious  attack, 
X^e'jffodical  medical  examinations,  with  a report  of  all  cases  to  the  employer 
and  to  the  proper  state  officials,  are  imperatively  called  for.  Since  mechani- 
cal dust-control  is  possible  by  means  of  enclosed  machmery  and  its  con- 
nection with  air-exhaust;  and  fume-control  by  means  of  hoods  with  exhaust 
• ventilation;  these  specific  regulations,  based  on  practical  experience,  are 
> demanded.  Ultimately  all  these  provisions  will  benefit  the  employer  also  in 
increased  efficiency  and  in  economy  of  material  and  time. 

A With  the  example  before  us  of  other  nations’  efforts  to  banish  from 
their  lead  trades  one  of  the  most  serious  and  far-reaching  of  occupational 
diseases,  and  the  encouragement  of  the  good  already  accomplished  in  one 
of  our  own  states,  the  passage  of  the  b’ll  is  demanded  alike  by  the  dictates 
of  sound  business  judgment,  and  every  instinct  of  common  justice  and 
humanity. 


For  additional  information  address 

American  Association  for  Labor  Legislation 
131  East  23d  Street,  New  York  City. 


STANDARD  BILL  FOR  THE  PREVENTION  OF 
OCCUPATIONAL  DISEASES  WITH  SPECIAL 
REFERENCE  TO  LEAD  POISONING 


AN  ACT  to  prevent  occupational  diseases. 

Be  it  enacted,  etc.,  as  follows : 

Section  i.  General  Duties  of  Employers. 

Every  employer  shall,  without  cost  to  the  employees,  provide  reason- 
ably effective  devices,  means  and  methods  to  prevent  the  contraction  by 
'his  employees  of  any  illness  or  disease  incident  to  the  work  or  process 
in  which  such  employees  are  engaged. 

Section  2.  Especially  Dangerous  Works  or  Processes. 

Every  work  or  process  in  the  manufacture  of  white  lead,  red  lead, 
litharge,  sugar  of  lead,  arsenate  of  lead,  lead  chromate,  lead  sulphate, 
lead  nitrate  or  fluo-silicate,  or  in  the  manufacture  of  pottery,  tiles  or 
porcelain  enameled  sanitary  ware-,  is  hereby  declared  to  be  especially 
dangerous  to  the  health  of  the  employees,  who,  while  engaged  in  such 
work  or  process,  are  exposed  to  lead  dusts,  lead  fumes  or  lead  solutions. 

Section  3.  Duties  of  Employers  to  Provide  Safety  Appliances  for  the 

Protection  of  Employees  in  Especially  Dangerous  Works  or 

Processes. 

Every  employer  shall,  without  cost  to  the  employees,  provide  the  fol- 
lowing devices,  means  and  methods  for  the  protection  of  his  employees 
who,  while  engaged  in  any  work  or  process  included  in  Section  2,  are 
exposed  to  lead  dusts,  lead  fumes  or  lead  solutions : 

(a)  Working  Rooms , Hoods  and  Air  Exhausts  for  the  Protection 
of  Employees  Engaged  in  Any  Work  or  Process  Which  Produces  Lead 
Dusts  or  Lead  Fumes.  The  employer  shall  provide  and  maintain  work 
rooms  adequately  lighted  and  ventilated,  and  so  arranged  that  there  is 
a continuous  and  sufficient  change  of  air,  and  all  such  rooms  shall  be 
fully  separated  by  partition  walls  from  all  departments  in  which  the 
work  or  process  is  of  a non-dusty  character;  and  all  such  rooms  shall 
be  provided  with  a floor  permitting  an  easy  removal  of  dust  by  wet 
methods  or  vacuum  cleaning,  and  all  such  floors  shall  be  so  cleaned 
daily. 

Every  work  or  process  referred  to  in  Section  2,  including  the  corrod- 
ing or  oxidizing  of  lead,  and  the  crushing,  mixing,  sifting,  grinding 
and  packing  of  all  lead  salts  or  other  compounds  referred  to  in  Sec- 
tion 2,  shall  be  so  conducted  and  such  adequate  devices  provided  and 
maintained  by  the  employer  as  to  protect  the  employee,  as  far  as  possi- 
ble, from  contact  with  lead  dust  or  lead  fumes.  Every  kettle,  vessel, 
receptacle  or  furnace  in  which  lead  in  any  form  referred  to  in  Sec- 
tion 2 is  being  melted  or  treated,  and  any  place  where  the  contents  of 
such  kettles,  receptacles  or  furnaces  are  discharged,  shall  be  provided 
with  a hood  connected  with  an  efficient  air  exhaust ; all  vessels  or  con- 


tainers  in  which  dry  lead  in  any  chemical  form  or  combination  referred 
to  in  Section  2 is  being  conveyed  from  one  place  to  another  within  the 
factory  shall  be  equipped,  at  the  places  where  the  same  are  filled  or  dis- 
charged, with  hoods  having  connection  with  an  efficient  air-exhaust; 
and  all  hoppers,  chutes,  conveyors,  elevators,  separators,  vents  from 
separators,  dumps,  pulverizers,  chasers,  dry-pans  or  other  apparatus  for 
drving  pulp  lead,  dry-pans  dump,  and  all  barrel  packers  and  cars  or 
other  receptacles  into  which  corrosions  are  at  the  time  being  emptied 
shall  be  connected  with  an  efficient  dust-collecting  system ; such  system 
to  be  regulated  by  the  discharge  of  air  from  a fan,  pump  or  other 
apparatus,  either  through  a cloth  dust-collector  having  an  area  of  not 
less  than  one-half  square  foot  of  cloth  to  every  cubic  foot  of  air  passing 
through  it  per  minute,  the  dust-collector  to  be  placed  in  a separate  room 
which  no  employee  shall  be  required  or  allowed  to  enter,  except  for  es- 
sential repairs,  while  the  works  are  in  operation ; or  such  other  appar- 
atus as  will  efficiently  remove  the  lead  dusts  from  the  air  before  it  is 
discharged  into  the  outer  air. 

( b ) Washing  Facilities.  The  employer  shall  provide  a wash  room 
or  rooms  which  shall  be  separate  from  the  work  rooms,  be  kept  clean, 
and  be  equipped  with : 

(1)  Lavatory  basins  fitted  with  waste  pipes  and  two  spigots  con- 
veying hot  and  cold  water,  or 

(2)  Basins  placed  in  troughs  fitted  with  waste  pipes  and  for  each 
basin  two  spigots  conveying  hot  and  cold  water,  or 

(3)  Troughs  of  enamel  or  similar  smooth  impervious  material  fitted 
with  waste  pipes,  and  for  every  two  feet  of  trough  length  two  spigots 
conveying  hot  and  cold  water. 

Where  basins  are  provided  there  shall  be  at  least  one  basin  for  every 
five  such  employees,  and  where  troughs  are  provided,  at  least  two  feet 
of  trough  length  for  every  five  such  employees.  The  employer  shall 
also  furnish  nail  brushes  and  soap,  and  shall  provide  at  least  three  clean 
towels  per  week  for  each  such  employee.  A time  allowance  of  not  less 
than  ten  minutes,  at  the  employer’s  expense,  shall  be  made  to  each 
such  employee  for  the  use  of  said  wash  room  before  the  lunch  hour 
and  at  the  close  of  the  day’s  work. 

The  employer  shall  also  provide  at  least  one  shower  bath  for  every 
five  such  employees.  The  baths  shall  be  approached  by  wooden  run- 
ways, be  provided  with  movable  wooden  floor  gratings,  be  supplied 
with  controlled  hot  and  cold  water,  and  be  kept  clean.  The  employer 
shall  furnish  soap,  and  shall  provide  at  least  two  clean  bath  towels  per 
week  for  each  such  employee.  An  additional  time  allowance  of  not 
less  than  ten  minutes,  at  the  employer’s  expense,  shall  be  made  to  each 
such  employee  for  the  use  of  said  baths  at  least  twice  a week  at  the 
close  of  the  day’s  work.  The  employer  shall  keep  a record  of  each 
time  that  such  baths  are  used  by  each  employee,  which  record  shall  be 
open  to  inspection  at  all  reasonable  times  by  the  (state  department  of 
factory  inspection)  and  also  by  the  (state  board  of  health). 

(r)  Dressing  Rooms.  The  employer  shall  provide  a dressing  room 


or  rooms  which  shall  be  separate  from  the  work  rooms,  be  furnished 
with  a double  sanitary  locker  or  two  single  sanitary  lockers  for  each 
such  employee,  and  be  kept  clean. 

( d ) Eating  Rooms.  The  employer  shall  provide  an  eating  room 
or  eating  rooms  which  shall  be  separate  from  the  work  rooms,  be  fur- 
nished with  a sufficient  number  of  tables  and  seats,  and  be  kept  clean. 
No  employee  shall  take  or  be  allowed  to  take  any  food  or  drink  of  any 
kind  into  any  work  room,  nor  shall  any  employee  remain  or  be  allowed 
to  remain  in  any  work  room  during  the  time  allowed  for  his  meals. 

( e ) Drinking  Fountains.  The  employer  shall  provide  and  main- 
tain a sufficient  number  of  sanitary  drinking  fountains  readily  accessible 
for  the  use  of  the  employees. 

(/)  Clothing.  The  employer  shall  provide  at  least  two  pairs  of 
overalls  and  two  jumpers  for  each  such  employee,  and  repair  or  renew 
such  clothing  when  necessary,  and  wash  the  same  weekly.  Such  cloth- 
ing shall  be  kept  exclusively  for  the  use  of  that  employee. 

(g)  Respirators.  The  employer  shall  provide,  and  renew  when 
necessary,  at  least  two  reasonably  effective  respirators  for  each  em- 
ployee who  is  engaged  in  any  work  or  process  which  produces  lead 
dusts. 

Section  4.  Duties  of  Employees  in  Especially  Dangerous  Works  or 

Processes  to  Use  the  Safety  Appliances  Provided  by  the  Employers. 

Every  employee  who,  while  engaged  in  any  work  or  process  included 
in  Section  2,  is  exposed  to  lead  dusts,  lead  fumes  or  lead  solutions, 
shall : 

(a)  Use  the  washing -facilities  provided  by  the  employer  in  accord 
with  Section  3 (b)  and  wash  himself  at  least  as  often  as  a time  allow- 
ance is  therein  granted  for  such  use ; 

(b)  Use  the  eating  room  provided  by  the  employer  in  accord  with 
Section  3 (d),  unless  the  employee  goes  off  the  premises  for  his  meals; 

(c)  Remove  his  ordinary  street  clothing  before  commencing  work, 
and  put  on,  and  wear  at  all  times  while  engaged  in  such  work  or 
process,  a suit  of  the  clothing  provided  by  the  employer  in  accord  with 
Section  3 (f),  and  remove  the  same  before  leaving  at  the  close  of  the 
day’s  work ; and  keep  his  street  clothes  and  his  working  clothes,  when 
not  in  use,  in  separate  lockers  or  separate  parts  of  the  locker  provided 
by  the  employer  in  accord  with  Section  3 (c)  ; 

(d)  Keep  clean  the  respirators  provided  by  the  employer  in  accord 
with  Section  3 (g),  and  use  one  at  all  times  while  he  is  engaged  in  any 
work  or  process  which  produces  lead  dusts. 

Section  5.  Notices. 

The  employer  shall  post  in  a conspicuous  place  in  every  work  room 
where  any  work  or  process  included  in  Section  2 is  carried  on,  room 
where  washing  facilities  are  provided,  dressing  room  and  eating  room, 
a notice  of  the  known  dangers  arising  from  such  work  or  process,  and 
simple  instructions  for  avoiding,  as  far  as  possible,  such  dangers.  The 


(chief  state  factory  inspector)  shall  prepare  a notice  containing  the  pro- 
visions of  this  Act,  and  shall  furnish,  free  of  cost,  a reasonable  number 
of  copies  thereof  to  every  employer  included  in  Section  2,  and  the 
employer  shall  post  copies  thereof  in  the  manner  hereinabove  stated. 
The  notices  required  in  this  Section  shall  be  printed  in  plain  type  on 
cardboard,  and  shall  be  in  English  and  in  such  other  languages  as  the 
circumstances  may  reasonably  require.  The  contents  of  such  notices 
shall  be  explained  to  every  employee  by  the  employer  when  the  said 
employee  enters  employment  in  such  work  or  process,  and  in  addition 
shall  be  read  to  all  employees  at  least  once  a month,  interpreters  being 
provided  by  the  employer  when  necessary  to  carry  out  the  above 
requirements. 

Section  6.  Medical  Examination . 

The  employer  shall  cause  every  employee  who,  while  engaged  in  any 
work  or  process  included  in  Section  2,  is  exposed  to  lead  dusts,  lead 
fumes  or  lead  solutions,  to  be  examined  at  least  once  a week  for  the 
purpose  of  ascertaining  if  symptoms  of  lead  poisoning  appear  in  any 
employee.  The  employee  shall  submit  himself  to  the  weekly  examina- 
tion and  to  examination  at  such  other  times  and  places  as  he  may  rea- 
sonably be  requested  by  the  employer,  and  he  shall  fully  and  truly 
answer  all  questions  bearing  on  lead  poisoning  asked  him  by  the  exam- 
ining physician.  The  examinations  shall  be  made  by  a licensed  physician, 
designated  and  paid  by  the  employer,  and  shall  be  made  during  the 
working  hours,  a time  allowance  therefor,  at  the  employer’s  expense, 
being  made  to  each  employee  so  examined. 

Section  7.  Record  and  Reports  of  Medical  Examination . 

Every  physician  making  any  examination  under  Section  6 and  find- 
ing what  he  believes  to  be  symptoms  of  lead  poisoning  shall  enter,  in  a 
book  to  be  kept  for  that  purpose  in  the  office  of  the  employer,  a record 
of  such  examination  containing  the  name  and  address  of  the  employee 
so  examined,  the  particular  work  or  process  in  which  he  is  engaged,  the 
date,  place  and  finding  of  such  examination,  and  the  directions  given 
in  each  case  by  the  physician.  The  record  shall  be  open  to  inspection 
at  all  reasonable  times  by  the  (state  department  of  factory  inspection) 
and  by  the  (state  board  of  health). 

Within  forty-eight  hours  after  such  examination  and  finding,  the 
examining  physician  shall  send  a report  thereof  in  duplicate,  one  copy 
to  the  (state  department  of  factory  inspection)  and  one  to  the  (state 
board  of  health).  The  report  shall  be  on  or  in  conformity  with  blanks 
to  be  prepared  and  furnished  by  the  (state  board  of  health),  free  of 
cost,  to  every  employer  included  in  Section  2,  and  shall  state : 

(a)  Name,  occupation  and  address  of  employee. 

(b)  Name,  business  and  address  of  employer. 

(c)  Nature  and  probable  extent  of  disease. 

(d)  Such  other  information  as  may  be  reasonably  required  by  the 
(state  board  of  health.) 

The  examining  physician  shall  also,  within  the  said  forty-eight  hours, 
report  such  examination  and  finding  to  the  employer,  and  °after  five 


days  from  such  report  the  employer  shall  not  continue  the  said  em- 
ployee in  any  work  or  process  where  he  will  be  exposed  to  lead  dusts, 
lead  fumes  or  lead  solutions,  nor  return  the  said  employee  to  such 
work  or  process  without  a written  permit  from  a licensed  physician. 
Section  8.  Enforcement. 

The  (state  department  of  factory  inspection)  shall  enforce  this  act 
and  prosecute  all  violations  of  the  same.  The  officers,  or  their  agents, 
of  the  said  (department)  shall  be  allowed  at  all  reasonable  times  to  in- 
spect any  place  of  employment  included  in  this  act. 

Section  9.  Penalties. 

Every  employer  who,  either  personally  or  through  any  agent,  violates 
or  fails  to  comply  with  any  provision  of  Section  1 or  Section  3 shall 
be  guilty  of  a misdemeanor,  and  on  conviction  for  the  first  offense  shall 
be  fined  not  less  than  one  hundred  dollars  nor  more  than  two  hundred 
dollars,  and  on  conviction  for  the  second  offense,  not  less  than  two 
hundred  dollars  nor  more  than  five  hundred  dollars,  and  on  conviction 
for  each  subsequent  offense,  not  less  than  three  hundred  dollars  nor 
more  than  one  thousand  dollars,  and  in  each  case  he  shall  stand  com- 
mitted until  such  fine  and  the  costs  are  paid,  or  until  he  is  otherwise 
discharged  by  due  process  of  law. 

Every  employee  who  violates  or  fails  to  comply  with  any  provision 
of  Section  4 shall  be  guilty  of  a misdemeanor,  and  on  conviction  for  the 
first  offense  shall  be  fined  not  less  than  ten  dollars  nor  more  than 
twenty  dollars,  and  on  conviction  for  the  second  offense,  not  less  than 
twenty  dollars  nor  more  than  fifty  dollars,  and  on  conviction  for  each 
subsequent  offense  not  less  than  thirty  dollars  nor  more  than  one  hun- 
dred dollars,  and  in  each  case  he  shall  stand  committed  until  such  fine 
and  the  costs  are  paid,  or  until  he  is  otherwise  discharged  by  due  process 
of  law. 

Every  employer  who,  either  personally  or  through  any  agent,  violates 
or  fails  to  comply  with  any  provision  of  Sections  5,  6 or  7,  relating  to 
him,  and  every  employee  who  violates  or  fails  to  comply  with  the  pro- 
vision of  Section  6 relating  to  him  shall  be  guilty  of  a misdemeanor, 
and  on  conviction  thereof  shall  be  fined  not  less  than  ten  dollars  nor 
more  than  one  hundred  dollars. 

Section  10.  Definition. 

In  this  act,  unless  the  context  otherwise  requires,  '“employer”  includes 
persons,  partnerships  and  corporations. 

Section  ii.  Constitutionality. 

For  the  purpose  of  determining  the  constitutionality  of  any  provision 
of  this  act,  Section  1 hereof  is  declared  to  be  independent  of  and 
separable  from  the  remaining  sections. 

Section  12.  Time  of  Taking  Effect. 

This  act  shall  take  effect  on  the  first  day  of  October,  1913,  except  as 
to  subdivisions  (a),  ( b ),  (c)  and  ( d ) of  Section  3 which  subdivisions 
shall  take  effect  as  follows : 

Subdivisions  ( b ),  (c)  and  ( d ) of  Section  3 on  the  first  day  of 
October,  1914. 

Subdivision  (a)  of  Section  3 on  the  first  day  of  October,  1915. 


